Nea Kameni is a small uninhabited Greek island of volcanic origin located in the Aegean Sea within the flooded Santorini caldera. Nea Kameni and the neighbouring small island Palea Kameni (the new and old burnt islands) have formed over the past two millennia by repeated eruptions of dacite lava and ash. The Roman historian Cassius Dio records in the year 47 AD "This year a small islet, hitherto unknown, made an appearance close to the island of Thera. Major eruptions over the past 300 years took place in 1707–1712, 1866–1870, 1925–1928, and 1939-1941. The last small eruption happened in 1950 and involved lava dome extrusion.Cassius's report may refer to Palaia Kameni. Pliny the Elder reports a new island emerging during on July 8 in the year of the consulship of M. Junius Silanus and L. Balbus, thus 19 CE.

Nea Kameni is surrounded by warm dark waters which are known for their therapeutic benefits. Visitors can reach the islet with the traditional caiques that deoart from the old port of Fira and enjoy a bath in the hot springs. The healing waters of Nea Kameni consist of iron and manganese which act against many diseases that older people usually suffer from.