Upon arrival, your expert archaeologist guide will introduce you to the history of Paestum, founded in the 6th century BC by Greek colonists under the name Poseidonia, in honor of the god of the sea. The city flourished thanks to the fertility of its land and its strategic position, later falling under Lucanian rule before being conquered by the Romans in 273 BC. Walking through its ruins is like stepping back in time over 2,500 years, into a world where history, mythology, and daily life intertwine in a mesmerizing setting.

The Temple of Hera, the oldest in Paestum (circa 550 BC), is a remarkable example of early Doric architecture. Built from local limestone, its massive columns and sturdy design reflect the power and grandeur of Greek religious architecture. Dedicated to Hera, the goddess of marriage and fertility, the temple served as the spiritual center of ancient Poseidonia, hosting important rituals related to family life and agriculture, key aspects of the city’s economy. The sheer scale of the temple and the precise alignment of its columns create a sense of harmony and solemnity, making it one of the most awe-inspiring monuments of antiquity.

A short walk from the Temple of Hera stands the Temple of Athena (500 BC), a structure that represents the evolution of Greek architecture, blending Doric and Ionic elements. Its more slender columns and refined proportions hint at a transition towards Classical style, marking a shift from the rigid forms of the Archaic period. Athena, the goddess of wisdom and strategic warfare, was highly revered by the Greek colonists, who saw her as a protector of their city. When the Romans took over, the temple was transformed into a Christian church, as evidenced by medieval remains still visible today. Here, the layers of history are tangible: a monument that has withstood the test of time, continuously adapting to new civilizations and beliefs.

The Temple of Neptune (460 BC) is the largest and best-preserved temple in Paestum, and one of the greatest examples of Doric architecture in the world. Despite its modern name, its original dedication remains uncertain—possibly to Zeus, Poseidon, or Hera. With its six columns on the shorter sides and fourteen on the longer ones, this temple embodies the pinnacle of Greek architectural harmony. Its perfect proportions, robust structure, and interplay of light and shadow create a breathtaking visual effect, showcasing the mastery of ancient builders. Walking around and inside the temple, visitors can feel the presence of a civilization that thrived over two millennia ago, leaving behind a monument that continues to captivate with its sheer magnificence.

Beyond its majestic temples, Paestum unveils its rich past through the remnants of its ancient streets, public spaces, and fortifications. As you walk through the site, you will come across the Roman Forum, the heart of political and commercial life during the Roman era, where merchants, officials, and citizens once gathered for trade and governance. Nearby stands the Amphitheater, an arena that once echoed with the sounds of gladiatorial combat and public spectacles, offering a glimpse into the entertainment and social customs of antiquity. Enclosing the city, the imposing defensive walls serve as a testament to Paestum’s strategic importance, built to protect its inhabitants from external threats. These remarkably well-preserved urban structures provide a deeper understanding of daily life in ancient times, illustrating the city’s transformation from a Greek colony to a thriving Roman settlement.

The tour continues at the Paestum Archaeological Museum, a treasure trove of artifacts that bring the city’s ancient past to life. Among its most remarkable pieces is the Tomb of the Diver, a rare example of Greek funerary painting, depicting a mysterious figure plunging into the afterlife—a haunting and enigmatic masterpiece that continues to intrigue historians. As you explore the museum, you will encounter an array of sculptures, pottery, and weapons, each revealing a different chapter in Paestum’s history, from its Greek origins to Lucanian influence and eventual Roman rule. The collection also includes metopes and friezes that once adorned the city’s grand temples, offering a glimpse into their original magnificence. More than just a display of ancient artifacts, the museum provides essential artistic and historical context, enriching your understanding of Paestum and deepening the connection to the ruins you have just explored.