Discover how Edinburgh’s unique urban layout, with its narrow "closes" and passages, became a natural defense for the city, unintentionally protecting it from invaders. We will also discuss castles in Scotland, the distinction between a fortress and a castle, and an introduction to the iconic Edinburgh Castle.

A key space used for both castle defense and significant historical commemorations and events. Our deep dive into the history of Edinburgh Castle begins here, focusing on the fortress's strategic position and the "Spur".

Scotland’s most visited attraction has also been the ultimate stage for its history. From ancient peoples like the Celts and Romans to legendary figures such as Robert the Bruce, William Wallace, and the royal court of Mary, Queen of Scots, all have played a part in its legacy. Within its walls, you will find the Honours of Scotland (the Crown Jewels) and the Stone of Destiny, alongside museums dedicated to the British Army and military life. Built atop an extinct volcano, life began to flourish around this site as early as 900 BC, with the first fortress appearing around 600 AD. Over time, wood was replaced by stone, turning the site into a royal refuge and a primary target for the English. Since the last Jacobite siege in 1745, the fortification transitioned from its defensive role to become a national symbol, now welcoming over a million visitors each year.